>Home Office
>
>50 Queen Anne's Gate, London SW1H 9AT
>(night line: 020 7273 4595) Fax: 020 7273 4660
>Public Enquiry Line: 020 7273 4000
>
>--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
>News Release
>  28/02/2001
>DRAFT ORDER OF ORGANISATIONS TO BE PROSCRIBED UNDER THE NEW TERRORISM ACT 
>2000 PUBLISHED TODAY
>
>
>
>A total of 21 international organisations, recommended for proscription 
>under the new Terrorism Act 2000, are listed in a draft Order laid before 
>Parliament today by the Home Secretary Jack Straw.
>
>The draft Order will be subject to debates in and approval by both Houses 
>of Parliament.
>
>Specific offences relating to membership, support for and funding of a 
>proscribed organisation are included in the Act.
>
>Mr Straw said:
>
>
>"The Terrorism Act is important legislation which brings our provisions 
>into line with the European Convention for Human Rights and ensures that we 
>are better able to deal with the serious threats which terrorism poses.
>
>"Taking account of police, security and legal advice, I have given careful 
>consideration to which organisations should be recommended for 
>proscription.
>
>"I believe that this action is both fair and proportionate to the threat 
>that is found, both in this country and abroad.
>
>"Once proscription of these organisations takes effect, it will be open to 
>any of the terrorist organisations concerned - or any person affected by 
>their proscription - to make an application to me as the Home Secretary, 
>for deproscription. If that application is refused, the organisation can 
>then appeal to a new independent tribunal, the Proscribed Organisations 
>Appeal Commission. This procedure also applies to those Irish terrorist 
>organisations listed in Schedule 2 of the Act.
>"Proscription is an important power in the new Act - the UK has no 
>intention of becoming a base for terrorists and their supporters, nor to 
>see it flourish abroad, and we will take every legal action at our disposal 
>to prevent this."
>
>
>
>
>NOTES FOR EDITORS
>
>1. Under Part II of the Terrorism Act 2000, the Secretary of State has the 
>power to proscribe any organisation which he believes 'is concerned in 
>terrorism'. An organisation is 'concerned in terrorism' if it commits or 
>participates in acts of terrorism, prepares for terrorism, promotes or 
>encourages terrorism, or is otherwise concerned in terrorism either in the 
>UK or abroad. 'Organisation' is defined as including 'any association or 
>combination of persons'. Once the statutory criteria are satisfied, the 
>Secretary of State then has discretion whether or not to proscribe a 
>particular organisation.
>
>2. In reaching his decisions, the Home Secretary also took into account a 
>number of factors including:
>
>· The nature and scale of an organisation's activities;
>
>· The specific threat that it poses to the UK
>
>· The specific threat that it poses to British nationals overseas
>
>· The extent of the organisation's presence in the UK
>
>· The need to support other members of the international community in the 
>global fight against terrorism.
>
>3. The list of Irish related organisations already proscribed in Schedule 2 
>of the Act is unamended by the Order.
>
>4. Proscribed organisations can at any time make an application to the 
>Secretary of State for deproscription. Should an application be 
>unsuccessful, the organisation or any person affected by their proscription 
>can then appeal to the Proscribed Organisations Appeal Commission (POAC), 
>set up under section 5 and Schedule 3 of the Terrorism Act 2000.
>
>E.R
>
>Wednesday, 28 February 2001
>
>
>Written No 11
>Mr Chris Pond (Gravesham): To ask the Secretary of State for the Home 
>Department, what additional terrorist organisations he intends to 
>proscribe, following the coming into force of the Terrorism Act 2000. 
>(151894)
>
>
>
>
>MR STRAW
>
>I have today laid a draft Order, under section 123(4)(a) of the Terrorism 
>Act, recommending to Parliament that the following organisations be added 
>to the list of proscribed organisations in Schedule 2 to the Act:
>- Al-Qa'ida
>- Egyptian Islamic Jihad
>- Al-Gama'at al-Islamiya
>- Armed Islamic Group (Groupe Islamique Armée) (GIA)
>- Salafist Group for Call and Combat (Groupe Salafiste pour la Prédication 
>et le Combat) (GSPC)
>- Babbar Khalsa
>- International Sikh Youth Federation
>- Harakat Mujahideen
>- Jaish e Mohammed
>- Lashkar e Tayyaba
>- Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE)
>- Hizballah External Security Organisation
>- Hamas-Izz al-Din al-Qassem Brigades
>- Palestinian Islamic Jihad - Shaqaqi
>- Abu Nidal Organisation
>- Islamic Army of Aden
>- Mujaheddin e Khalq
>- Kurdistan Workers' Party (Partiya Karkeren Kurdistan) (PKK)
>- Revolutionary Peoples' Liberation Party - Front (Devrimci Halk Kurtulus 
>Partisi - Cephesi) (DHKP-C)
>- Basque Homeland and Liberty (Euskadi ta Askatasuna) (ETA)
>- 17 November Revolutionary Organisation (N17)
>
>Under section 3(3)(a) of the Act, I may by order add an organisation to 
>Schedule 2, where I believe that it is concerned in terrorism, as defined 
>in section 1 of the Act. I am entirely satisfied that the organisations 
>named above are "concerned in terrorism" as set out in section 3(5) of the 
>Act, and have, after careful consideration, decided to exercise my 
>discretion to proscribe them. The draft Order is subject to the affirmative 
>resolution procedure. There will therefore be a debate in both Houses on my 
>recommendations. If approved by Parliament, the proscriptions will take 
>effect on the day after I sign the Order. To assist consideration by both 
>Houses, I have placed in the Libraries, the Vote Office, and the Printed 
>Paper Office, copies of a Note setting out a brief summary in respect of 
>each organisation named in the draft Order.
>
>The Act provides for an appeal process. After the Order comes into force, 
>it will be open for any of the organisations so proscribed, or any person 
>affected by their proscription, to make application to me for 
>deproscription. If that application is refused, the Act provides for an 
>appeal to a new independent tribunal, the Proscribed Organisations Appeal 
>Commission, established by the Terrorism Act.
>
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>Draft Order laid before Parliament under section 123(4)(a) of the Terrorism 
>Act 2000, for approval by resolution of each House of Parliament.
>Draft STATUTORY INSTRUMENTS
>
>
>
>2001 No.
>
>
>
>
>Prevention and SupPression of Terrorism
>
>Terrorism Act 2000 (Proscribed Organisations) (Amendment) Order 2001
>
>
>
>
>
>
>Made - - - - 2001
>
>Coming into force - - 2001
>
>
>
>
>Whereas the Secretary of State believes that the organisations set out in 
>article 2 of the following Order are concerned in terrorism;
>
>Now, therefore, the Secretary of State, in exercise of the power conferred 
>upon him by section 3(3)(a) of the Terrorism Act 2000(() 2000 c.11; by 
>virtue of section 3(4), the power in section 3(3)(a) may be exercised only 
>in respect of organisations that the Secretary of State believes to be 
>concerned in terrorism.), hereby makes the following Order:
>
>Citation and commencement
>1. This Order may be cited as the Terrorism Act 2000 (Proscribed 
>Organisations) (Amendment) Order 2001 and shall come into force on the day 
>after the day on which it is made.
>
>
>Proscribed organisations
>2. The following organisations are hereby added to Schedule 2 to the 
>Terrorism Act 2000.
>
>Al-Qa'ida
>
>Egyptian Islamic Jihad
>
>Al-Gama'at al-Islamiya
>
>
>Armed Islamic Group (Groupe Islamique Armée) (GIA)
>
>
>Salafist Group for Call and Combat (Groupe Salafiste pour la Prédication et 
>le Combat) (GSPC)
>Babbar Khalsa
>
>International Sikh Youth Federation
>Harakat Mujahideen
>
>Jaish e Mohammed
>
>Lashkar e Tayyaba
>
>Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE)
>Hizballah External Security Organisation
>
>Hamas-Izz al-Din al-Qassem Brigades
>
>Palestinian Islamic Jihad - Shaqaqi
>
>Abu Nidal Organisation
>
>Islamic Army of Aden
>
>Mujaheddin e Khalq
>Kurdistan Workers' Party (Partiya Karkeren Kurdistan) (PKK)
>
>Revolutionary Peoples' Liberation Party - Front (Devrimci Halk Kurtulus 
>Partisi-Cephesi) (DHKP-C)
>
>Basque Homeland and Liberty (Euskadi ta Askatasuna) (ETA)
>
>17 November Revolutionary Organisation (N17)
>
>
>
>One of Her Majesty's Principal Secretaries of State
>Home Office
>2001
>
>
>
>EXPLANATORY NOTE
>(This note is not part of the Order)
>
>
>
>This Order adds the organisations listed in article 2 of the Order to the 
>list of proscribed organisations in Schedule 2 to the Terrorism Act 2000.
>
>
>
>
>TERRORISM ACT 2000 (PROSCRIBED ORGANISATIONS)
>
>
>
>
>(AMENDMENT) ORDER 2001
>
>
>
>Note on international terrorist organisations recommended for inclusion in 
>Schedule 2 (Proscribed Organisations) to the Terrorism Act 2000
>
>
>
>
>28 February 2001
>3
>
>List of international terrorist organisations recommended for inclusion in 
>Schedule 2 (Proscribed Organisations) to the Terrorism Act 2000
>
>Al-Qa'ida
>Egyptian Islamic Jihad
>Al-Gama'at al-Islamiya
>Armed Islamic Group (Groupe Islamique Armée) (GIA)
>Salafist Group for Call and Combat (Groupe Salafiste pour la Predication et 
>le Combat) (GSPC)
>Babbar Khalsa
>International Sikh Youth Federation
>Harakat Mujahideen
>Jaish e Mohammed
>Lashkar e Tayyaba
>Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE)
>Hizballah External Security Organisation
>Hamas-Izz al-Din al-Qassem Brigades
>Palestinian Islamic Jihad - Shaqaqi
>Abu Nidal Organisation
>Islamic Army of Aden
>Mujaheddin e Khalq
>Kurdistan Workers' Party (Partiya Karkeren Kurdistan) (PKK)
>Revolutionary Peoples' Liberation Party - Front (Devrimci Halk Kurtulus 
>Partisi - Cephesi) ( DHKP-C)
>Basque Homeland and Liberty (Euskadi ta Askatasuna) (ETA)
>17 November Revolutionary Organisation (N17)
>
>Al-Qa'ida
>
>Aims: Its aims are the expulsion of Western forces from Saudi Arabia, the 
>destruction of Israel and the end of Western influence in the Muslim world.
>
>History: A network or loose organisation of individuals based in 
>Afghanistan and formed after the Soviet-Afghan war. It is inspired and led 
>by Usama Bin Laden.
>
>Attacks: In August 1996 the group issued a fatwa to the effect that efforts 
>should be pooled worldwide to kill US nationals (sometimes known as global 
>Jihad). In February 1998, Al-Qa'ida, with other terrorist groups under the 
>title 'World Islamic Front', declared that Muslims should kill Americans 
>and their allies, civilian and military, anywhere in the world. On 7 August 
>1998 bomb attacks aimed at the US Embassies in Nairobi and Dar es Salaam 
>killed over 200 people and injured around 4000 others. Seventeen people 
>have been charged in the United States with offences relating to the 
>bombings, some of whom are alleged to be members of Al-Qa'ida. Information 
>linking the group to other incidents is less certain but Al-Qa'ida has been 
>associated with the killing of 19 US marines in Somalia in 1993 and the 
>attack on the World Trade Centre in New York as well as attacks in the 
>Middle East.
>
>Representation/Activities in the UK: The group has not made any attacks in 
>the UK. Some individuals from the UK have trained with Al-Qa'ida in camps 
>in Afghanistan but there is no overt representation in the UK. Khalid Al 
>Fawwaz, alleged to be a member of Al-Qa'ida, is currently in custody in the 
>UK pending determination of an extradition request by the US concerning his 
>alleged involvement in the East Africa bombings in 1998.
>
>
>Egyptian Islamic Jihad
>
>Aims: The main aim of the Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ) is to overthrow the 
>Egyptian Government and replace it with an Islamic state. However, since 
>September 1998, the leadership of the group has also allied itself to the 
>'global Jihad' ideology expounded by Usama Bin Laden and has threatened 
>Western interests.
>
>History: The EIJ was established in 1973, by individuals who believed in 
>the use of violence in order to achieve their aims of overthrowing the 
>Egyptian Government.
>
>Attacks: The EIJ has mounted a number of high profile terrorist attacks in 
>the last twenty years including the assassination of Egyptian President 
>Anwar Sadat in 1981. The group was also reported to be responsible for the 
>assassination of the Deputy Speaker of the Egyptian Parliament in 1990 and 
>for the car bomb attack on the Egyptian Embassy in Islamabad in 1995, which 
>caused 15 deaths. In addition members of the EIJ were involved in the 
>bombing of the US Embassies in Dar es Salaam and Nairobi in August 1998.
>
>Attacks on UK or Western interests: While the UK has not been directly 
>targeted to date, UK interests have suffered collateral damage from EIJ 
>attacks. The British High Commission residential compound, adjacent to the 
>Egyptian Embassy in Islamabad, suffered extensive collateral damage as a 
>result of the 1995 car bomb attack. The EIJ alliance with Usama Bin Laden 
>indicates that British interests, along with other Western interests, are 
>likely to be targeted in the future.
>
>Representation/activities in the UK: The EIJ has members in the UK though 
>there is no overt representation. Two senior members of the group are 
>currently in custody in the UK pending determination of an extradition 
>request by the US concerning their alleged involvement in the East Africa 
>bombings.
>
>
>10
>Al-Gama'at al-Islamiya
>
>Aims: The main aim of al-Gama'at al-Islamiya (GI) is through all means, 
>including the use of violence, to overthrow the Egyptian Government and 
>replace it with an Islamic state. Some members also want the removal of 
>Western influence from the Arab world.
>
>History: The GI was established in the early 1980s when it split from the 
>EIJ. Since then, it has focused its campaign of insurgence inside Egypt, 
>carrying out countless attacks against Egyptian government and military 
>targets, and since 1992 against tourists. In March 1999 the GI declared a 
>ceasefire. So far they have adhered to it but there are factions within the 
>group who have publicly advocated a return to violence.
>
>Attacks: The GI has carried out numerous attacks against Egyptian 
>government and military targets, including the 1989 attempted assassination 
>of the Egyptian Interior Minister Zaki Badr. From 1992, it has also 
>actively targeted tourist interests in Egypt, in an attempt to discredit 
>the government and damage the economy. Attacks have included the massacre 
>in Luxor on 17 November 1997. Six assailants attacked tourists, killing 62 
>people; 58 were tourists, 6 of whom were Britons.
>
>Attacks on UK or Western interests: The GI has not directly targeted 
>British interests. However, its campaign in Egypt has resulted in the 
>deaths of British citizens and threatened collateral damage. While the 
>group is not formally allied with Usama Bin Laden, close links remain and a 
>number within the group favour his policy of directly targeting Western 
>interests.
>
>Representation/activities in the UK: The GI has members in the UK but no 
>overt representation and there is no evidence of current terrorist planning 
>by the group in the UK.
>
>
>Armed Islamic Group (Groupe Islamique Armée) (GIA)
>
>Aims: The aim of the GIA is to create an Islamic state in Algeria using all 
>necessary means, including violence.
>
>History: Since its emergence in 1992, the GIA has been responsible for a 
>large number of the civilian deaths by terrorist action in Algeria. In 
>September 1998, the leader of the GIA issued a communiqué which condoned 
>killing women and children. Since then, many supporters of this group in 
>the UK have switched their allegiance from the GIA to the Salafist Group 
>for Call and Combat (GSPC - see following).
>
>Attacks: The first GIA attack in Europe took place in 1994, when members of 
>the GIA hijacked an Air France aircraft. In 1995 there was an upsurge in 
>GIA activity within Europe which included a number of bomb attacks in 
>Paris, specifically targeting the Metro. Whilst these were the last attacks 
>to be claimed by the GIA, in May 1998 a small explosive device which had 
>similarities to those used in the 1995 attacks was discovered in Paris.
>
>Representation/activities in the UK: The GIA has had members in the UK 
>although some have now joined the GSPC. The group has no overt 
>representation here. Its UK members have provided logistical support for 
>GIA members in Algeria. These activities have included collecting funds and 
>procuring chemicals used in making explosives.
>
>
>Salafist Group for Call and Combat (Groupe Salafiste pour la Predication et 
>le Combat) (GSPC)
>
>Aims: To create an Islamic state in Algeria using all necessary means, 
>including violence.
>
>History: (See also GIA) In September 1998, the leader of the GIA issued a 
>communiqué which condoned killing women and children. Since then, many 
>Algerian extremists in the UK have switched their allegiance from the GIA 
>to the GSPC. The group was also known as the Hassan Hattab (HH) faction of 
>the GIA.
>
>Attacks: In March 1998, several individuals assessed to have been members 
>the GSPC were arrested in Brussels. The Belgian authorities believed that 
>these individuals were planning an attack against the World Cup Football 
>Tournament in France. In July 2000, the GSPC issued a communiqué which 
>warned French authorities against abusing prisoners sympathetic to the 
>group.
>
>Representation/activities in the UK: The GSPC has members in the UK but no 
>overt representation. Its UK members have provided logistical support for 
>members of the group in Algeria.
>
>
>International Sikh Youth Federation
>
>Aims: The International Sikh Youth Federation (ISYF) is an organisation 
>committed to the creation of an independent state of Khalistan for Sikhs 
>within India.
>
>History: The ISYF was established in the 1980s, and its terrorist 
>activities have continued since then.
>
>Attacks: ISYF attacks have included assassinations, bombings and 
>kidnappings, mainly directed against Indian officials and Indian interests. 
>The Special Immigration Appeals Committee (SIAC) found in July 2000 that 
>two ISYF members (MUKHTIAR and PARAMJIT Singh), were a threat to UK 
>national security (although for other reasons they declined to confirm 
>deportation orders against them).
>
>Attacks on UK or Western interests: ISYF and its associated factions have 
>never targeted Western interests. There remains a threat of collateral 
>damage from attacks against Indian officials visiting the UK.
>
>Representation/activities in the UK: ISYF support is spread across the UK 
>and provides a base for fundraising. As the case of MUKHTIAR and PARAMJIT 
>Singh demonstrated, there is also evidence that UK based extremists involve 
>themselves in terrorist support activity.
>
>
>Babbar Khalsa
>
>Aims: Babbar Khalsa (BK) is a Sikh movement which aims to establish an 
>independent Khalistan within the Punjab region of India.
>
>History: BK was established in 1978 and numerous terrorist attacks have 
>since been attributed to the group.
>
>Attacks: Avowed attacks include the murder of Beant Singh, the Chief 
>Minister of the Punjab, in 1995. Two BK members have recently been arrested 
>in Canada for the bombing of Air India flight 182 in 1985 which killed 329 
>people. A UK based member of BK (Balbir Singh BAINS) was also arrested in 
>India in 1999 on terrorist charges.
>
>Attacks on UK or Western interests: BK has never targeted Western 
>interests. There remains however a collateral threat, particularly from 
>attacks against Indian officials visiting the UK.
>
>Representation/activities in the UK: BK has had representation in the UK 
>since the 1980s. BK uses the UK as a base for fundraising, recruitment and 
>co-ordination of activists in the Indian sub continent. Some members have 
>been willing to travel to India to participate in terrorist attacks.
>
>
>
>
>Harakat Mujahideen
>
>Aims: Harakat Mujahideen (HM), previously known as Harakat Ul Ansar (HuA), 
>seeks independence for Indian administered Kashmir. The HM leadership was 
>also a signatory to Usama Bin Laden's 1998 fatwa, which called for world 
>wide attacks against US and Western interests.
>
>History: HuA was established in 1993 and has since carried out a number of 
>terrorist attacks against Indian and Western interests.
>
>Attacks: HM/HuA is believed to be responsible for the kidnapping of Western 
>tourists in Delhi and Kashmir in 1994 and 1995. British nationals were 
>amongst those missing and their whereabouts remain unknown. HM has also 
>claimed responsibility for a number of bombing campaigns within India. 
>Media reports indicate that HM was responsible for the hijack of an Indian 
>Airlines flight, in December 1999, which led to the release of several 
>militants by the Indian government to secure the release of the passengers.
>
>Representation/activities in the UK: HM has supporters in several areas of 
>the UK.
>
>
>Jaish e Mohammed
>
>Aims: Jaish e Mohammed (JeM) seeks the 'liberation' of Kashmir from Indian 
>control as well as the 'destruction' of America and India. JeM has a stated 
>objective of unifying the various Kashmiri militant groups.
>
>History: JeM was established in 2000 by Masud Azhar who remains its leader. 
>The group was formed following Azhar's release from prison in India in 
>response to demands by the hijackers of the Indian Airlines flight in 
>December 1999.
>
>Attacks: JeM carried out a number of terrorist attacks against Indian 
>interests during 2000. It claimed responsibility for a grenade attack in 
>May against Indian government buildings in Kashmir.
>
>Attacks on UK or Western interests: The group has not as yet attacked UK or 
>Western interests.
>
>Representation/activities in the UK: There are indications that JeM is 
>gaining support among militant Kashmiri separatists and that it has a 
>number of supporters in the UK.
>
>
>
>
>Lashkar e Tayyaba
>
>Aims: Lashkar e Tayyaba (LT) seeks independence for Kashmir and the 
>creation of an Islamic state using violent means.
>
>History: LT has a long history of mounting attacks against the Indian 
>Security Forces in Kashmir. These attacks include the use of suicide 
>squads. An LT leader declared a 'Jihad' against American interests in 1998 
>following the US air strikes on Afghanistan.
>
>Attacks: LT has been blamed for the massacre of 35 Sikhs in Jammu and 
>Kashmir in March 2000. More recently it launched attacks on Srinagar 
>airport and the Red Fort New Delhi. Several people were killed in these 
>attacks.
>
>Attacks on UK or Western interests: An LT leader recently made a public 
>declaration that he wished to expand the conflict with India beyond 
>Kashmir.
>
>Representation/activities in the UK: LT in the UK is mainly represented by 
>Markaz Dawa al Irshad, its political wing.
>
>
>Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE)
>
>Aims: The LTTE is a terrorist group fighting for a separate Tamil state in 
>the North and East of Sri Lanka.
>
>History: The LTTE has been fighting since 1983. More than 60,000 people on 
>all sides have been killed in the conflict.
>
>Attacks: The LTTE has mounted both a military assault and a terrorist 
>campaign, the latter mainly in Colombo. Attacks are mostly targeted against 
>Sri Lankan military and leading politicians using suicide bombers. Attempts 
>to assassinate the Sri Lankan President in late 1999 and early 2000 were 
>attributed to the LTTE by the media and the Sri Lankan authorities.
>
>Attacks on UK or Western interests: The LTTE has never targeted Western 
>interests directly, though Westerners have been injured as a result of LTTE 
>attacks in Sri Lanka. The LTTE's only attack outside Sri Lanka was the 
>assassination of Rajiv Gandhi in 1991 in response to India's military 
>support for Sri Lanka.
>
>Representation/activities in the UK: The LTTE's International Secretariat 
>is based in the UK, and is responsible for the group's press releases. The 
>UK is also a source of funds for the LTTE.
>
>
>Hizballah External Security Organisation
>
>Aims: Hizballah is committed to armed resistance to the state of Israel 
>itself and aims to liberate all Palestinian territories and Jerusalem from 
>Israeli occupation. It maintains a terrorist wing, the External Security 
>Organisation (ESO), to help it achieve this.
>
>History: Hizballah was formed in 1982 to resist the Israeli occupation of 
>southern Lebanon. In the last 18 years it has grown from a simple militia 
>to a wide-ranging organisation providing welfare to Lebanese Shia Muslims 
>and having political representation in the Lebanese Assembly. Hizballah has 
>distinct military and terrorist wings. The military wing has engaged the 
>Israeli Defence Force (IDF) and the South Lebanon Army (SLA) in guerrilla 
>warfare in south Lebanon.
>Attacks: The terrorist wing, the ESO (also known as Islamic Jihad) has been 
>responsible for car bombing, hijacking and kidnapping Western and 
>Israeli/Jewish targets in Israel, Western Europe and South America.
>
>Attacks on UK or Western interests: Between 1983 and 1984 ESO targeted 
>Western interests, bombing the US Embassy, Beirut (78 killed); the US 
>Marine Barracks, Beirut (241 killed); the French Army Barracks, Beirut (56 
>killed); the US Embassy, Kuwait; and the US Embassy Annex, Beirut (23 
>killed). In 1992 and 1994 ESO targeted Israeli interests, bombing the 
>Israeli Embassy, Buenos Aires (29 killed) and the AMIA Building, Buenos 
>Aires (over 100 killed). Between 1984 and 1988 ESO hijacked four aircraft 
>resulting in the deaths of three people. Between 1985 and 1989 ESO held 
>captive citizens from the US, France and the UK, including John McCarthy, 
>Brian Keenan, Terry Waite and Jackie Mann. ESO is believed to have been 
>instrumental in the kidnapping in December 2000 of the Israeli businessman 
>Elhanan Tanenbaum and of Israeli soldiers from the Shaba farms region of 
>Southern Lebanon/Syria .
>
>Representation/activities in the UK: There is a small, overt Hizballah 
>presence in the UK with extensive links to Hizballah's Foreign Relations 
>Department (FRD), which is distinct from the ESO. There is some indication 
>of occasional ESO activity in the UK.
>
>
>Hamas Izz al-Din al-Qassem Brigades
>
>Aims: Hamas aims to end Israeli occupation of Palestine and establish an 
>Islamic state.
>
>History: Hamas, the Palestinian Islamic Resistance Movement, emerged during 
>the second Intifada during the early 1980s. It was founded by Sheik Ahmad 
>Yassin, who became the Hamas spiritual leader in the mid 1980s. Hamas is a 
>cohesive organisation split into two wings. The internal leadership is 
>based in Gaza and the West Bank: the Political Bureau, or external 
>leadership, which was formerly based in Jordan, now conducts its activities 
>largely from Damascus. The Hamas terrorist apparatus is separate from the 
>overt organisation which operates a large welfare infrastructure in the 
>Middle East, running charitable, health and educational projects. The 
>terrorist apparatus operates under the name the Izz al- Din al-Qassem (IDQ) 
>Brigades.
>
>Attacks: The first Hamas IDQ terrorist attacks were undertaken in 1988 and 
>included the kidnapping, stabbing and shooting of Israeli civilians and 
>military personnel. Hamas terrorist activity continued at this level until 
>1994. In February of that year, a Jewish settler in the Occupied 
>Territories killed 29 Palestinians in the Mosque of Abraham in Hebron. This 
>became known as the Hebron massacre and heralded an increase in violence by 
>Hamas IDQ. Between 1994 and 1996, Hamas IDQ undertook a number of 
>indiscriminate suicide bomb attacks on Israeli public transport and 
>shopping centres. Hamas IDQ terrorist attacks have decreased since the late 
>1990s. However, the organisation remains in existence and has the 
>capability to resume terrorist activities.
>Attacks on UK or Western interests: Hamas IDQ has not directly attacked UK 
>or Western interests.
>
>Representation/activities in the UK: Hamas IDQ has not operated outside 
>Israel and the Occupied Territories and has no overt representation in the 
>UK. Hamas's political wing is represented by charitable organisations which 
>raise and remit funds for welfare purposes.
>
>
>Palestinian Islamic Jihad - Shaqaqi
>
>Aims: Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) is a Shi'a group which aims to end 
>the Israeli occupation of Palestine and create an Islamic state similar to 
>that in Iran. It opposes the existence of the state of Israel, the Middle 
>East Peace Process and the Palestinian Authority.
>
>History: PIJ is a loose coalition of Palestinian Islamic fundamentalist 
>groups formed in the 1970s as a resistance movement following the Israeli 
>occupation of Palestinian lands. It operates within Israel and the Occupied 
>Territories and has fought the Israelis in South Lebanon. Its leadership is 
>based in Damascus. It has close relations with Hizballah and weaker ties 
>with Hamas.
>
>Attacks: PIJ has carried out suicide bombings against Israeli targets in 
>the West Bank, Gaza, and Israel. These include a suicide bomb attack at a 
>bus stop in Netanya, Israel, in January 1995, and a car bomb attack in West 
>Jerusalem in 1998. 21 people were killed in the first attack and 20 wounded 
>in the second. In November 2000 PIJ claimed responsibility for a car bomb 
>attack in Jerusalem in which 2 Israelis died and 10 were injured. Since the 
>end of September 2000 PIJ activity has increased with a number of attacks 
>against Israeli forces.
>
>Attacks on UK or Western interests: PIJ has not acted outside the Middle 
>East and has not targeted UK or Western interests. However, PIJ has 
>threatened to target the US embassy and its personnel if it moves from Tel 
>Aviv to Jerusalem.
>
>Representation/activities in the UK: There is no overt PIJ presence in the 
>UK. There are some individuals in the UK who may maintain links with the 
>group.
>12
>
>
>Abu Nidal Organisation
>
>Aims: The principal aim of the Abu Nidal Organisation (ANO) is the 
>destruction of the state of Israel. It is also hostile to "reactionary" 
>Arab regimes and states supporting Israel.
>
>History: Fatah - The Revolutionary Council was formed in Iraq in 1974 as a 
>break-away faction of Fatah. It took its popular name, the Abu Nidal 
>Organisation, from the nom de guerre of its founder, Sabri al-Banna. It has 
>opposed all efforts at political reconciliation of the Arab-Israeli 
>conflict and attacked other Palestinian organisations and Arab states which 
>have moderated their opposition to Israel. ANO moved its headquarters to 
>Syria in 1983 and then to Libya in 1987. The Libyan regime effectively 
>ceased sponsorship of ANO in the late 1990s, all ANO personnel were 
>expelled and offices and training facilities were shut. In recent years, 
>though the organisation has not forsworn violence, it has been seriously 
>weakened by internal factionalism and the ill health of al-Banna.
>
>Attacks: ANO mounted an intensive terrorist campaign between 1974 and 1988 
>against Israeli and Jewish targets in Europe and the Middle East, 
>"reactionary" Arab regimes, other Palestinian groups, and nations holding 
>ANO operatives in prison. The attacks were ferocious and indiscriminate, 
>and included attacks on airports and public gathering places, aircraft 
>hijacking, bombings, assassinations and kidnaps. Since 1974, ANO has 
>claimed responsibility for over 90 attacks in 20 countries which have 
>killed or injured almost 900 people.
>
>Attacks on UK or Western interests: Many ANO attacks have been on UK or 
>Western interests including,
>
>1974 Egypt Hijack of BA VC10
>1982 London Attempted assassination of Israeli Ambassador
>1984 Amman Assassination of British Cultural Attaché
>1984 Beirut Kidnap of British journalist Jonathan Wright
>1984 Bombay Assassination of British deputy High Commissioner
>1985 Beirut Kidnap of British journalist Alec Collett
>1985 Madrid Fatal bomb attack on British Airways office
>1985 Rome Fatal attack at airport
>1988 Khartoum Fatal attack on hotel and British club
>
>Representation/activities in the UK: Various members of the Palestinian 
>community in the UK have historical allegiance to the ANO but there are no 
>known active members in the UK. Two ANO prisoners are serving terms of 
>imprisonment in the UK.
>
>
>Islamic Army of Aden
>
>Aims: The Islamic Army of Aden's (IAA) aims are the overthrow of the 
>current Yemeni government and the establishment of an Islamic State 
>following Sharia Law.
>
>History: Some press reporting indicates that the Islamic Army of Aden (IAA) 
>was formed in 1992 (although other reports suggests that it did not take 
>its current form until 1996). During the civil war of 1994, the group 
>fought on the side of the current Yemeni government to overthrow the Yemeni 
>Socialist Party. Later the group opposed the regime and was involved in 
>skirmishes with security forces in the Abyan area in the south west of 
>Yemen.
>
>Attacks: On 23 December 1998, six extremists - including five UK nationals 
>- were arrested by the Yemeni authorities. The Yemenis claimed that the 
>group had links to the IAA and were planning to attack a number of Western 
>targets in the Yemen. On 28 December 1998, six western tourists were taken 
>hostage by a group of armed IAA activists. The IAA then demanded the 
>release of a number of terrorists in Yemeni jails, including the six who 
>had recently been arrested. In an operation to free the hostages by the 
>Yemeni authorities, four of the hostages were killed - three British and 
>one Australian. Three terrorists were also killed and others were captured.
>
>Representation/Activities in the UK: The IAA has no known direct presence 
>in the UK, although a number of individuals have expressed support for the 
>organisation.
>
>
>15
>Mujaheddin e Khalq
>
>Aims: The Mujaheddin e Khalq (MeK) is an Iranian dissident organisation 
>based in Iraq. It claims to be seeking the establishment of a democratic, 
>socialist, Islamic republic in Iran.
>
>History: The MeK fought alongside the supporters of Ayatollah Khomenei to 
>overthrow the Shah of Iran, but after the revolution it broke away from 
>Khomenei and became the main opposition to the regime. It was exiled in 
>1981, moving to Iraq where it now maintains a standing army of several 
>thousand fighters, supported and armed by the Iraqi regime. The MeK also 
>has offices abroad which raise money, produce and distribute propaganda 
>material, and stage demonstrations.
>
>Attacks: The MeK undertakes cross-border attacks into Iran, including 
>terrorist attacks. It has assassinated senior Iranian officials and 
>launched mortar attacks against government buildings in Teheran and 
>elsewhere. In June 2000 the Iranian government claimed to have foiled an 
>MeK plot to assassinate the former Iranian foreign minister, Ali Akbar 
>Velayati.
>
>Attacks on UK or Western interests: The MeK has not attacked UK or Western 
>interests.
>
>Representation/activities in the UK: There is no acknowledged MeK presence 
>in the UK, although its publication MOJAHED is in circulation here. The 
>National Council for Resistance in Iran undertakes fund-raising in support 
>of the MeK, demonstrates, and produces and distributes anti-regime 
>propaganda in support of MeK objectives.
>
>
>Kurdistan Workers' Party (Partiya Karkeren Kurdistan) (PKK)
>
>Aims: The PKK is primarily a separatist movement which has sought an 
>independent Kurdish state in south east Turkey.
>
>History: The PKK was formed in 1978 by Abdullah Ocalan. Although active 
>from 1978 it was not until the formation of the group's military wing in 
>1984 that it became a significant terrorist threat. In February 1999 the 
>PKK's founder and leader Abdullah Ocalan was captured by Turkish security 
>forces in Kenya. During his subsequent trial in Turkey, in June 1999, 
>Ocalan announced a PKK ceasefire and also that the group intended to seek a 
>peaceful resolution to its aspirations. However, although the group is not 
>believed to have undertaken any offensive action since the ceasefire began 
>on 29 August 1999, previous PKK ceasefires have broken down.
>
>Attacks: Since 1984 the PKK has been engaged predominately in a guerrilla 
>campaign in south east Turkey which has resulted in a death toll on all 
>sides estimated to be in excess of 33,000 people.
>
>Attacks on UK or Western interests: In the early 1990s the PKK attempted to 
>bring increased pressure on the Turkish government by undertaking a 
>terrorist campaign aimed at Western interests and investment in south east 
>Turkey. This campaign initially lead to the kidnapping of a number of 
>western tourists, including several British citizens. In 1993/94 the PKK 
>abandoned its kidnapping campaign and began to target Western investment in 
>south east Turkey. As part of this campaign a Shell Oil refinery was 
>attacked. Also in 1993/94 the PKK began an urban bombing campaign aimed at 
>Turkey's tourist resorts and for the first time undertook attacks outside 
>south east Turkey. This campaign resulted in the death of a number of 
>foreign tourists, including a British citizen. Although the PKK appeared to 
>have abandoned this campaign in 1995 it continued annually, until 1999, to 
>threaten attacks against Turkey's tourist resorts.
>
>Representation/activities in the UK: The PKK does not have any overt 
>representation in the UK but operates covertly and has some support among 
>the Kurdish community.
>
>
>
>
>
>Revolutionary Peoples' Liberation Party - Front (Devrimci Halk Kurtulus 
>Partisi - Cephesi) (DHKP-C)
>
>Aims: DHKP-C aims to establish a Marxist Leninist regime in Turkey by means 
>of armed revolutionary struggle
>
>History: DHKP-C was formed in 1993 following a split in the Marxist 
>Leninist terrorist group Dev Sol (or Revolutionary Left). DHKP-C is 
>indistinguishable from its predecessor Dev Sol in leadership, ideology, 
>objectives and methods of operation.
>
>Attacks: Since 1994 DHKP-C's terrorist activity in Turkey has been sporadic 
>and it has not been able to operate with the same frequency and success as 
>its predecessor Dev Sol. Despite this, DHKP-C has continued to undertake 
>attacks against Turkish police and security forces targets, and in 
>conjunction with these has also undertaken a number of high profile 
>attacks, including the murder of the former Turkish Minister of Justice in 
>April 1994 and the murder of a prominent Turkish businessman in January 
>1996.
>
>Attacks on UK or Western interests: As with its predecessor Dev Sol, DHKP-C 
>espouses an "anti-imperialist" stance particularly focused against the US 
>and NATO. In the early 1990s, in direct response to the Gulf War, Dev Sol 
>attacked American and British citizens and interests in Turkey, killing 
>Andrew Blake, a British citizen working for a commercial company in 
>Istanbul, on 19 August 1991. In June 1999, two DHKP-C terrorists were 
>killed by Turkish security forces as they attempted to carry out a rocket 
>attack on the US Consulate in Istanbul.
>
>Representation/activities in the UK: DHKP-C has an office in London which 
>is engaged in overt political activity.
>
>
>Basque Homeland and Liberty (Euskadi ta Askatasuna) (ETA)
>
>Aims: ETA seeks the creation of an independent state comprising the Basque 
>regions of both Spain and France.
>
>History: ETA was established in 1959 by a group of students who supported 
>Basque separatism. ETA's first victim was a police chief, killed in June 
>1968, and its terrorist campaign has continued since then. ETA has engaged 
>in peace talks a number of times since the early 1990s, and maintained a 14 
>month ceasefire until November 1999. Since then the group has engaged in an 
>intense campaign of bombing and shooting directed mainly at political and 
>security force targets.
>14
>
>Attacks: ETA has killed over 800 people and carried out about 1600 
>terrorist attacks since it was formed. Over half of its victims have been 
>members of the Spanish Armed Forces, Security Forces and the Basque 
>Autonomous Police. The attacks have been carried out mainly in the Basque 
>provinces including Navarra and in Madrid, Barcelona and Andalucia.
>
>Attacks on UK or Western interests: ETA has rarely carried out attacks 
>outside Spain, and has never directly attacked UK interests. In the early 
>1980s it kidnapped and killed two Spanish policemen and a dissident in 
>France, and in 1992 small-scale bomb attacks were carried out against 
>Spanish commercial and state interests in Italy and Germany. There have 
>been a few attacks on French commercial interests in the past, but no 
>recent attacks outside Spain or against any foreign targets. The main risk 
>to UK interests is posed by collateral damage.
>
>
>
>Representation/activities in the UK: ETA has no overt representation in the 
>UK, although there may be a small number of sympathisers here. There are, 
>however, long standing links between ETA and Irish republican terrorist 
>groups.
>
>
>
>
>
>NOT PROTECTIVELY MARKED
>17 November Revolutionary Organisation (N17)
>
>Aims: N17 is a terrorist organisation which aims to highlight and protest 
>at what it deems to be imperialist and corrupt actions, using violence.
>
>History: N17 was formed in 1974 to oppose the Greek military Junta and its 
>stance was initially anti-Junta and anti-US, which it blamed for supporting 
>the Junta. Its first victim was an American diplomat, Richard Welch, who 
>was assassinated on 23 December 1975.
>
>Attacks: N17 has killed 25 people in over 80 attacks in the last 25 years. 
>The group uses three methods of attack: close-quarter assassinations, 
>rocket attacks, and improvised explosive devices. Its close-quarter 
>assassinations have claimed 19 lives. Almost two-thirds of N17's attacks 
>have been against domestic Greek targets but they have also included the 
>murder of a British, 4 US and 2 Turkish diplomats. All N17 attacks have 
>taken place on the Greek mainland in and around Athens.
>
>Attacks on UK or Western interests: N17's first attack on UK interests was 
>during the Gulf War in the early 1990s and attacks resumed in response to 
>the NATO bombing of Serbia in 1999. In June 2000, N17 murdered Brigadier 
>Stephen Saunders, the British Defence Attaché in Athens. The group has also 
>carried out numerous small scale attacks in Greece on the interests of EU 
>and NATO members. These included a rocket attack on HMS Ark Royal while it 
>was docked in Piraeus in 1994.
>
>Representation/activities in the UK: There is no indication that N17 has 
>any representation in the UK.